This page is referenced by:

• 1 2022-10-20T15:53:43-07:00 MS C189 Front Flyleaf 18 plain 2022-12-10T13:10:29-08:00
  Front Flyleaf
  Text: John 6:1-14
  Country: Italy?
  Language: Latin
  Assigned Date: s. XII
  Date: c. 1150
  Searchable Date Range: 1100-1150
  Script: Late Caroline miniscule, Praegothica
  Music: Neumes on a red, 1-line staff
  Other Decoration: 
  • Section titles in red
  • Red initials
  • Red staff lines
  • Part of a large strapwork initial in brown ink, decorated in red
  Number of texts: 1
  Description: 
  • Parchment - 300 x 210 mm - 2 columns from 32-34 lines, ruled in drypoint; 1 line of text accompanying each line of music
  • Breviary, noted
  • Antiphonary
  The parchment folio used for the front flyleaves likely comes from a repurposed antiphonary, dated to the first half of the twelfth century.
  Condition:
  • The upper margin of the leaf (now the outer edge of the first front flyleaf) is trimmed, with at least two lines of text lost. 
  • Outer and inner margins of the leaf are trimmed, with some text lost on the outer margin (now the tail-edge). 
  John 6:1-14 and the following chants: 
  "Tunc acceptabis sacrificium justitiae si averteris faciem tuam" [Cantus ID: 005236]; "Aperiam in parabolis os meum loquar propositiones" [Cantus ID: g01030b]; "Adduxi vos per desertum quadraginta annos" [Cantus ID: 006030]; "Adduxit eos dominus in fortitudine magna cibavit" [Cantus ID: 006032].
  
  John 6:1-14 Douay-Rheims Bible (DRB) translation:

  [1] After these things Jesus went over the sea of Galilee, which is that of Tiberias. [2] And a great multitude followed him, because they saw the miracles which he did on them that were diseased. [3] Jesus therefore went up into a mountain, and there he sat with his disciples. [4] Now the pasch, the festival day of the Jews, was near at hand. [5] When Jesus therefore had lifted up his eyes, and seen that a very great multitude cometh to him, he said to Philip: Whence shall we buy bread, that these may eat?
  [6] And this he said to try him; for he himself knew what he would do. [7] Philip answered him: Two hundred pennyworth of bread is not sufficient for them, that every one may take a little. [8] One of his disciples, Andrew, the brother of Simon Peter, saith to him: [9] There is a boy here that hath five barley loaves, and two fishes; but what are these among so many? [10] Then Jesus said: Make the men sit down. Now there was much grass in the place. The men therefore sat down, in number about five thousand.
  [11] And Jesus took the loaves: and when he had given thanks, he distributed to them that were set down. In like manner also of the fishes, as much as they would. [12] And when they were filled, he said to his disciples: Gather up the fragments that remain, lest they be lost. [13] They gathered up therefore, and filled twelve baskets with the fragments of the five barley loaves, which remained over and above to them that had eaten. [14] Now those men, when they had seen what a miracle Jesus had done, said: This is of a truth the prophet, that is to come into the world.

• 1 2022-10-20T15:55:02-07:00 MS C189 Back Flyleaf 17 plain 2022-12-10T13:14:38-08:00 Back Flyleaf
  
  Text:
  •  r1 v2-Hosea 6:5-6, Habakkuk 3:2-3, Exodus 12:1-8; 
  • v1 r2- Exodus 12:9-11, Psalm 139:2-14, John 18:1-5
  Country: Italy
  Language: Latin
  Assigned Date: s. XI2
  Date: c. 1150
  Script: late Caroline minuscule
  Figurative Decoration: 
  • Large initial decorated with the symbol of John the Evangelist: a nimed (haloed) eagle holding a book
  Other Decoration: 
  • Section headings in red
  Number of Texts: 1
  Description: 
  • Parchment - 300 x 210 mm - 2 columns of at least (31?) 32 lines, ruled in hardpoint (drypoint)
  • Liturgical text
  • Breviary
  Condition:
  • The upper margin of the second back flyleaf is trimmed, with one line of text lost. 
   
  The  parchment folio used for the back flyleaves likely comes from a breviary, dated around the first half of the twelfth century. It contains readings related to Maundy Thursday and Good Friday of the Christian Holy Week. The recto side of the first back flyleaf and the verso side of the second back flyleaf contains: Hosea 6:5-6; Habakkuk 3:2-3; reading for Maundy Thursday; Exodus 12:1-8. The verso side of the first back flyleaf and the recto side of the second back flyleaf contains: Exodus 12:9-11; Psalm 139:2-14; John 18:1-5. 
  
   r1 v2
  Hosea 6:5-6 
  ("[incipit] [do]lui [?] in p[ro]phetis occidi eos in verbis oris mei …
   [explicit] scientiam D[e]i plus quam holocausta.")
  
  Hosea 6:5-6, Douay-Rheims Bible (DRB) translation:

   [5] For this reason have I hewed them by the prophets, I have slain them by the words of my mouth: and thy judgments shall go forth as the light.
  [6] For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice: and the knowledge of God more than holocausts. 

   
   Habakkuk 3:2-3
  ("[incipit] Domine audivi auditum tuum [et] timui... 
  [explicit] op[er]uit c[a]elos maiestas eius [et] laude eius plena")
  
   Habakkuk 3:2-3, Douay-Rheims Bible (DRB) translation:

   [2] O Lord, I have heard thy hearing, and was afraid. O Lord, thy work, in the midst of the years bring it to life: In the midst of the years thou shalt make it known: when thou art angry, thou wilt remember mercy. [3] God will come from the south, and the holy one from mount Pharan: His glory covered the heavens, and the earth is full of his praise.

  
  Exodus 12:1-8
  "[rubric] [Et] libri exodi. [incipit] In dieb[us] illis dixit d[omi]n[u]s ad Moysen et Aaron; iste vobis principium mensium [...] [explicit] panes cu[m] lactucis agrestib[us]."
   
  Exodus 12:1-8, Douay-Rheims Bible (DRB) translation:

  [1] And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: [2] This month shall be to you the beginning of months: it shall be the first in the months of the year. [3] Speak ye to the whole assembly of the children of Israel, and say to them: On the tenth day of this month let every man take a lamb by their families and houses. [4] But if the number be less than may suffice to eat the lamb, he shall take unto him his neighbour that joineth to his house, according to the number of souls which may be enough to eat the lamb. [5] And it shall be a lamb without blemish, a male, of one year: according to which rite also you shall take a kid (a goat or sometimes lamb was used for the sacrifice).
  [6] And you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month: and the whole multitude of the children of Israel shall sacrifice it in the evening. [7] And they shall take of the blood thereof, and put it upon both the side posts, and on the upper door posts of the houses, wherein they shall eat it. [8] And they shall eat the flesh that night roasted at the fire, and unleavened bread with wild lettuce. 

  
  v1 r2
  Exodus 12:9-11
  ("[incipit] quid nec coctum aqua sed assum tantum igni caput ... 
  [explicit] comedetis festinantes est enim phase id est transitus d[omi]ni"
   
  Exodus 12:9-11, Douay-Rheims Bible (DRB) translation:

  [9] You shall not eat thereof any thing raw, nor boiled in water, but only roasted at the fire: you shall eat the head with the feet and entrails thereof. [10] Neither shall there remain any thing of it until morning. If there be any thing left, you shall burn it with fire.
  [11] And thus you shall eat it: you shall gird your reins, and you shall have shoes on your feet, holding staves in your hands, and you shall eat in haste: for it is the Phase (that is the Passage) of the Lord.

  
  Psalm 139:2-14
  ("[incipit] eripe me d[omi]ne ab homine malo ... adversum me ne derelinquas; [cir]cuitus eo[rum] labor labio[rum] ipso[rum] coop[er]i[et] ... [explicit] habitabunt recti cum vultu tuo")
  
  Psalm 139:2-14, Douay-Rheims Bible (DRB) translation:

  [2] Deliver me, O Lord, from the evil man: rescue me from the unjust man. [3] Who have devised iniquities in their hearts: all the day long they designed battles. [4] They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent: the venom of asps is under their lips. [5] Keep me, O Lord, from the hand of the wicked: and from unjust men deliver me. Who have proposed to supplant my steps. [6] The proud have hidden a net for me. And they have stretched out cords for a snare: they have laid for me a stumblingblock by the wayside.
  [7] I said to the Lord: Thou art my God: hear, O Lord, the voice of my supplication. [8] O Lord, Lord, the strength of my salvation: thou hast overshadowed my head in the day of battle. [9] Give me not up, O Lord, from my desire to the wicked: they have plotted against me; do not thou forsake me, lest they should triumph. [10] The head of them compassing me about: the labour of their lips shall overwhelm them. [11] Burning coals shall fall upon them; thou wilt cast them down into the fire: in miseries they shall not be able to stand.
  [12] A man full of tongue shall not be established in the earth: evil shall catch the unjust man unto destruction. [13] I know that the Lord will do justice to the needy, and will revenge the poor. [14] But as for the just, they shall give glory to thy name: and the upright shall dwell with thy countenance.

  
  John 18:1-5
  ("[rubric] Passio d[omi]ni n[ost]ri Ih[es]u Chr[ist]I s[ancti] Ioh[anne]m. [incipit] In ill[o] t[empo]r[e] egressus est d[omi]n[u]s Ih[esu]s cum discipulis suis trans torrentem ... [explicit] stabat aut[em] et Iudas qui tradebat")
  
  John 18:1-5, Douay-Rheims Bible (DRB) translation:

  1] When Jesus had said these things, he went forth with his disciples over the brook Cedron, where there was a garden, into which he entered with his disciples. [2] And Judas also, who betrayed him, knew the place; because Jesus had often resorted thither together with his disciples. [3] Judas therefore having received a band of soldiers and servants from the chief priests and the Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches and weapons. [4] Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and said to them: Whom seek ye? [5] They answered him: Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith to them: I am he. And Judas also, who betrayed him, stood with them.

• 1 2022-10-20T15:56:16-07:00 MS C189 Textblock 12 plain 2022-12-10T13:17:22-08:00 Beyond the cover
   
  Textblock
  Language: Latin
  Country: Italy?
  Century: 14th? 
  Date: c. 1301 and 1400
  Script: Gothic rotunda
  Scribe: 
  • Written by a Robertus: “Robertus nomine scripsit” -- colophon, folio 34r.
  Manufacture, Distribution: [Italy]: [producer not identified],
  
  Figurative Decoration: 
  • Drawings of fish and birds in lower margins on folios 9r, 10v, 11r, 20v
  Other Decoration: 
  • 6- line initial C in blue and red on folio 1r
  • 2- and 3-line initials in two shades of red, some of which are embellished with pen decorations in blue or brown
  • Paragraph marks in blue and red or just red
  • Title "p[er] germinias" in red capital letters on upper margin of folios 19v-21r
  • Spaces left for 2-, 3- and 5-line initials on folios 5r, 5v, 6r, 6v, 7r, 8r, 11v, 16v, 17r, 18r, 18v, 19r, 19v, 20r, 22v, 25r, 27r, 27v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30v, 31v, 32r, 32v, 33r
  • Guide letters visible on most folios in the upper left corner of the page 
  Number of texts: 3
  Description:
  • Collection of works by Aristotle and commentaries on Aristotle's works
  • 34 leaves : parchment, illuminations ; 211 x 153 (127 x 77) mm;  bound: 215 x 160 mm
  • ff. 1- 34v - Contemporary binding made from reused parchment bifolium
  • Unfoliated, quarto manuscript
  • 31 long lines ruled in lead.
  • Front flyleaves 
  • Neumatic notation.
  Condition:
  • Minor imperfections and signs of early repairs on the manuscript leaves. 
  • Ink is abraded, with some text illegible. 
  • Tears and holes with loss of text on several folios. 
  • Corrections, overwriting and annotations, including the use of  trigons by at least two contemporary hands, one of which is probably the scribe. 
  • Later annotations, especially on folios 19r-33r, by at least two hands. 
  • Some of the annotations on the upper margins are lost due to damage to the parchment.
   
  The text block of the manuscript was produced together as a single unit. It does not look like there are any missing leaves or that there were more gatherings either in the beginning or at the end. 
   
  Contents:
  1. Folios 1r-8r: Isagoge (Introduction to Categories), written by Porphyry of Tyre, translated by Boethius: 
  2. Folios 8r-19r: Praedicamenta, also known as Categoriae, written by Aristotle, translated by Boethius
  3. Folios 19r-27r: Perihermenias, also known as De interpretatione written by Aristotle, translated by Boethius
  4.  Folios 27r-34r: Liber sex principiorum
  5. Folio 34v: blank
• 1 2022-10-20T15:51:14-07:00 MS C189 Outer Cover 12 plain 2022-12-10T13:01:27-08:00 Outer Cover
  Text: Sententiae (Sentences)
  Author: Isidore of Seville 
  Script: late Caroline minuscule 
  Description:
  •  Two columns of 38 lines, ruled in drypoint.
  • The repurposed parchment bifolium used for the cover likely comes from a homiliary, dated to the second half of the eleventh century.
  Condition: Fragile
  • The cover is warped due to extensive water damage.
  • The cover and the flyleaves are cockled.
  • The cover and flyleaves have minor bookworm damage.
  • Trimmed upper margin
  • There seems to be no loss of text due to trimming
  • Most of the text is still readable on the cover and the turn-ins. 
  
  Isidore of Seville
  ( c. 560 - 636)
  Born: Cartagena, or Seville, Spain
  Died: Seville, Spain
  
  Sententiae 
  Instead of scraping away the text to reveal a blank surface, the scriptorium preserved the text as a protective wrapping. The parchment leaf that forms the outer cover (the recto side of the first of the two folios)  likely comes from a homiliary, dated around the second half of the eleventh century. A homiliary, is a set of short texts and sermons on a moral theme. The cover contains text from  Isidore of Seville's  Sententiae, Book 10.11 "De angelis" (On the Angels.) Isidore of Seville’s Sententiae was popular and there are many copies from the Middle Ages. MS C54 is another manuscript at the Spencer Research Library that contains the Sententiae. 
• 1 media/MS_C189_front_cover_010.jpg 2022-10-20T14:00:59-07:00 MS C189 8 plain 1252053 2022-10-21T10:30:06-07:00
  Binding
  Country: France? 
  Language: Latin
  Assigned Date: s. XII
  Searchable Date Range: 1100 - 1199
  Script: Caroline minuscule
  Number of texts: 1
  Description: 
  •  Parchment - 325 x 213 mm - 2 columns of at least 35 lines; ruled in hardpoint
  • Religious text
   
  Medieval Recycling
  During the middle ages, manuscript pages were made from parchment, or in some cases vellum. Parchment is a writing surface made from stretched sheep or goatskin, whereas vellum is made from calfskin. Vellum is a smooth, even writing surface that surpasses parchment in both quality and cost. Parchment is sturdy but it is also difficult and costly to produce. Older manuscripts were sometimes recycled for the production of new books. A scraping device such as pumice was commonly used to erase text and reuse pages, this creates what is known as a palimpsest. Occasionally, the bindery would use manuscript fragments for a book spine. In some cases, old manuscript leaves were cut and folded to fit the cover of a new book.  
   
  Don’t judge a book by its cover
  The cover, the front flyleaves and the back flyleaves of MS C189 are made up of parchment leaves from three different manuscripts. This manuscript is placed inside fragments of two manuscripts and then wrapped with a third one. Parchment was folded in half to produce a limp binding, this is known as a bifolium. Two folios (singular pages) were folded in half to form flyleaves at the front and back of the manuscript. Flyleaves act as barriers, protecting the main text from pest damage such as worming. 
  
  The parchment cover is attached to the book block by exposed leather split laces. The split laces exit through single slits and each lace returns through two separate slits to create a V shape. The split laces are mostly intact. All edges of the cover are large enough to allow for turn-ins. The upper margin of the bifolium was trimmed to form what is now the fore-edge turn-in for the front cover. The cover has lapped miters; the fore-edge turn-ins lie on top of the head and tail turn-ins at the corner of the miters.
• 1 2022-10-21T11:02:36-07:00 MS C189 Introduction 7 plain 2022-12-10T12:56:07-08:00 Medieval Recycling
  
  During the middle ages, manuscript pages were made from parchment, or in some cases vellum. Parchment is a writing surface made from stretched sheep or goatskin, whereas vellum is made from calfskin. Vellum is a smooth, even writing surface that surpasses parchment in both quality and cost. Parchment is sturdy but it is also difficult and costly to produce. Older manuscripts were sometimes recycled for the production of new books. A scraping device such as pumice was commonly used to erase text and reuse pages, this creates what is known as a palimpsest. Occasionally, bookbinders used fragments of manuscripts as book spines. In some cases, old manuscript leaves were cut and folded to fit the cover of a new book.  
  
  Don’t judge a book by its cover
  
  The cover, the front flyleaves and the back flyleaves of MS C189 are made up of parchment leaves from three different manuscripts. This manuscript is placed inside fragments of two manuscripts and then wrapped with a third one. Parchment was folded in half to produce a limp binding, this is known as a bifolium. Two folios (singular pages) were folded in half to form flyleaves at the front and back of the manuscript. Flyleaves act as barriers, protecting the main text from pest damage such as worming. 
  
  The parchment cover is attached to the book block by exposed leather split laces. The split laces exit through single slits and each lace returns through two separate slits to create a V shape. The split laces are mostly intact. All edges of the cover are large enough to allow for turn-ins. The upper margin of the bifolium was trimmed to form what is now the fore-edge turn-in for the front cover. The cover has lapped miters; the fore-edge turn-ins lie on top of the head and tail turn-ins at the corner of the miters.