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View of the Facade of the Basilica of San Giovanni Laterano
1 2020-02-20T06:55:31-08:00 Avery Freeman b9edcb567e2471c9ec37caa50383522b90999cba 22849 1 from Volume 16 of Giovanni Battista Piranesi's Opere plain 2020-02-20T06:55:31-08:00 Internet Archive piranesi-ia-vol16-015.jpg image Avery Freeman b9edcb567e2471c9ec37caa50383522b90999cbaThis page has annotations:
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View of the Façade of the Basilica of San Giovanni Laterano
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Veduta della Facciata della Basilica di San Giovanni Laterano, Architettura di Alessandro Gallilei
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2023-06-14T06:31:08-07:00
Title: VEDUTA della Facciata della Basilica di San Giovanni Laterano, Architettura di Alessandro Gallilei. A Loggia, dalla quale i Sommi Pontefici ne’giorni assegnati Festivi danno la Benedizione al Popolo sulla Piazza. B Palazzo Fabbricato da Sisto V. ora Conservatorio di Zitelle. Signature: Cav(aliere). Gio(vanni). Batt(ist)a Piranesi F(ecit).
Title: View of the Facade of the Basilica of San Giovanni Laterano, Architecture by Alessandro Gallilei. A Loggia, from which the Supreme Pontiffs on the assigned Holy Days (Feast Days), give the Benediction to the People in the Piazza. B Palace constructed by Sixtus V. now the Conservatory of the Zitelle Signature: Made by the Knight Giovanni Battista Piranesi.
In the sequence of the Opere, Piranesi’s last view of San Giovanni in Laterano is a close-up of the newly redesigned façade of the Basilica, the work granted to the Florentine architect Alessandro Galilei (1691-1737) after a heated competition among Rome’s most renowned artists in 1732. Though visitors to the church would normally enter from the transept, visible in Piranesi’s earlier view, Pope Clement XII hoped that Galilei’s new façade would attract even more pilgrims by heightening the Basilica’s visual impact. The reorganization of the piazza allowed the Pope to address pilgrims directly from the loggia, noted in annotation “A,” which was included as a central feature of the façade’s design. Piranesi’s caption notes that this visual spectacle would have been especially palpable on feast days, which drew large crowds and hefty indulgences in an “urban theater of charity” (San Juan 55, 70-1). Upon entering the new façade of one of the “seven churches” of Rome, pilgrims would encounter Francesco Borromini’s dramatic nave lined with massive sculptures of the apostles, seen in the previous view, leading to the ornate ciborium containing the relics of Peter and Paul. Piranesi’s dramatic lighting effects call attention to the monumental sculptures of saints and their billowing robes crowning the façade, which, in addition to the very baroque colonnade, connected the exterior architecture with the interior. Piranesi further connects these two spaces through the organized procession of pilgrims in the foreground, as well highlighting the façade’s innovative open portico on the bottom floor. The foreshortened space of the piazza brings viewers to this liminal space, which emphasizes both the architecture of the façade and the function of the Basilica as a holy site.
Galilei’s façade is especially monumental in Piranesi’s view when compared to Giuseppe Vasi’s rendition of the same space. Vasi positions viewers at street level; Piranesi instead portrays the church from an imaginary and elevated viewpoint. With an almost mannerist style, Piranesi elongates the columns and windows of the two-storied portico to a structurally impossible degree. Where Vasi includes a “conscientious inventory of adjacent buildings,” Piranesi’s steep diagonals bring viewers into close contact with Galilei’s commanding façade by biting of the copper plate so deeply that the statue of Christ is nearly cropped (Wilton-Ely 1978, 27). Rendered in a diffuse light and sketchy lines, the seemingly infinite landscape on the left only adds to the sculptural immensity of the Basilica. Piranesi rarely praises contemporary architects but, in this view, employs every possible visual strategy to underline the grandeur of Galilei’s architectural design. (ZL)
To see this image in the Vedute di Roma, volume 16 of Piranesi’s Opere, click here.
