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• 1 2018-11-17T18:16:25-08:00 View of the Arch of Septimius Severus 25 Veduta dell'Arco di Settimio Severo plain 2023-06-26T07:42:16-07:00 Title: Veduta dell’Arco di Settimio Severo. Signature: Cavalier Piranesi del(ineò) e inc(ise). Title: View of the Arch of Septimius Severus. Signature: Drawn and engraved by Cavalier Piranesi. Puncturing the upper left border of this plate, the Arch of Septimius Severus transcends the very limits of the page and is thrust directly into the viewer’s field of vision. From the imposing façade and the deep chiaroscuro to the perspective from below, lack of annotations, and sparsely populated landscape, this image gives viewers an especially intimate encounter with the monument. The sense of immediacy achieved by these elements of the composition sharply contrasts with the more ascetic and archeological approach Piranesi takes in the print of the monument that appears earlier in the Vedute di Roma. Here, the sublime and almost ethereal surroundings, enhanced by the lack of historical detail in the clothing of the figures and the minimal presence of eighteenth-century structures, make it difficult to date the scene, almost as if it exists outside of time. Enhancing this visual effect is the way these atemporal figures physically interact with the title of the engraving, which is notably placed inside the image itself. Figures rest against, stand atop, and surround the title’s trompe-l’œil inscription as though it were another ruin in the landscape. In this way, Piranesi plays with elements of both reality and time, intensified by the almost dizzying detail of the ornate sculptural reliefs on the arch. 
  
  Individual figures seem to leap out from the friezes, enlivened by the contrast between light and shadow. Each coffer of the middle vault is painstakingly rendered and the subtle differences in the texture of the stones are revealed through a sculptural etching technique, in which the grooves are carved out of the copper plate to create high relief and darker tones (Scaloni 49-56). This technique reflects the way that inscriptions, consisting of metal letters in this case, were affixed to ancient Roman monuments, the remnants of which can still be seen in the partially effaced text in the topmost register of the triumphal arch (Hyde Minor 2015, 19-20). Piranesi discusses these methods as well as those used for the ornamental design of the arch in the first volume of the Antichità Romane. The heightened attention to the details of architectural decoration in this view supports Piranesi’s criticism of ornamental excess. The Arch of Septimius Severus is not only disproportionately rich with figures, animals, and hybrid motifs, but these also principally derive from what Piranesi considered an inferior Greek style of ornamentation. In this case, as Piranesi says, “Tutti questi ornamenti però non rendevano l'opera pregievole, mancandole la buona maniera dell'Architettura e della Scultura” (Index to the “Pianta di Roma,” Antichità Romane, vol. 1, no. 269). While the perspective, shading, and composition of this image augment the monumentality of the towering arch, its emphasis on ornament detracts, according to Piranesi’s statements elsewhere, from its grandeur. (ZL) 
  
  To see this image in the Vedute di Roma, volume 17 of Piranesi’s Opere, click here.