Fostering sustainability in Brazilian agrarian reform: insights from assentamentos and ecovillagesMain Menu0 | Executive Summary1 | Introduction2 | Research design and methods2.1 | Selecting our cases2.2 | Collecting the data2.3 | Analyzing the data2.4 | A Visual Story of Our Journey3 | Brazilian agrarian reform: historical developments3.1 | The Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST)3.2 | Assentamentos: Rural Settlements of Brazilian Agrarian Reform3.3 | Public policies for agrarian reform in Brazil3.4 | Phases of an assentamento’s history: how does an agrarian reform settlement come to be?3.4.1 | Phases of Assentamento: Grassroot Engagement3.4.2 | Phases of Assentamento: Occupation and Encampment3.4.3 | Phases of Assentamento: Establishment3.4.4 | Phases of Assentamento: Maintenance3.5 | Ecovillages: a source of insights for sustainability in small rural communities3.6 | Synthesis: assentamentos and ecovillages side-by-side4 | Analyzing sustainability challenges in assentamentos4.1 | Moving towards sustainable production4.2 | Building infrastructure for sustainability4.3 | Creating attractive conditions for the youth5 | Two domains for the design of solutions to sustainability challenges in assentamentos5.1 | Access, use and dissemination of sustainability know-how5.2 | Enabling cooperative collective dynamics through conflict resolution6 | Insights to address sustainability in assentamentos6.1 | The power of example can be an effective means for the transition to more sustainable practices6.2 | Building a common vision among assentados can support the maintenance of cooperative collective dynamics6.3 | More room for experimentation can strengthen sustainability know-how6.4 | Collective initiatives can prevent isolation in rural communities by acting as touchpoints with the external world and bringing exchange opportunities for assentados7 | Closing RemarksLIST OF TEXTUAL REFERENCES (PAPERS. BOOKS, LEGISLATION)INTERVIEWS | Complete videosCOMMUNITIES | Materials availableAUTHORS | Basic InfoOndab86d8b9ff51cdbb9a292b5a3d9ea13e8fba7795a
INTERVIEW 13 | Quote 19:xx
12016-03-29T14:50:17-07:00Ondab86d8b9ff51cdbb9a292b5a3d9ea13e8fba7795a88642"Naturalmente. O que você prefere? Então foi conforma aptidão de cada um. Com o passar do tempo, isso foi se aperfeiçoando, capacitando, fundo alguns cursos de capacitação para as pessoas. e depois também foi ampliando esse leque de produção. A diversidade de produção. E alguns que se avaliavam que não tinha porque existir, ou por inviabilidade econômica, ou por outro motivo, foi se eliminando. Chegou um período que galinha, (incomprehensible) não fava dando o resultado, então a gente foi eliminando enquanto setor. E outro setores foram então sendo implantados, conforme tinha mão de obra disponível. Pão, por exemplo é um setor que foi criado depois. Bem depois na verdade. Padaria, o que é a padaria? Precisamos comer pão. Todo mundo come pão? Mas não temos uma produção coletiva, então porque não ter uma estrutura, um forno, um abatedor e compramos esses equipamentos e instalamos a padaria. oficina mecânica a mesma coisa. Temos os trator, tem a plantadeira que sempre quebra, e tinha que levar na oficina longe, na cidade, e ficava caro... Montamos a nossa oficina. Então fomos assim. De acordo com a necessidade do dia-a-dia fomos adaptando nossa estrutura aqui, de oficina mecânica, da padaria para produzir o pão, a hortaliça... "Vamos ampliar a horta! O que vamos plantar mais!" As decisões sempre no coletivo."plain2016-03-29T14:50:41-07:00Ondab86d8b9ff51cdbb9a292b5a3d9ea13e8fba7795a
Along the different phases of pre-establishment, establishment and maintenance, assentamentos face a variety of situations in which conflicts need to be resolved. Sustained interaction with others in daily life requires means to settle disagreements and coordinate actions, especially when spaces are shared, resources are scarce, and future livelihoods depend strongly on what neighbors can do together. A lack of capacity to resolve conflicts has led some assentamentos to experience difficulties in setting up collective projects, especially due to a “tendency” of attributing responsibility for crises or shocks to “the cooperative"(19:32).
On the other hand, in relatively more ‘successful’ assentamentos, an increased capacity to work together led some families to opt to share their “individual” parcels and install a system in which production parcels are assigned according to the size and the labor capacity of every family [21:13].
This integrated and cooperative system allowed them to build a wide range of collective infrastructure for service provision—including restaurants, laundries, bakeries and supermarkets—which not only diversified jobs in the community, but also allowed their income to be more stable (19:xx).
A high degree of cooperation (and access to know-how) also lead residents in these communities to be able to gather enough resources for building an agroindustry for processing their raw goods—and those of their neighbors—and sell to companies and organizations across the country. Terra Vista, instead of just continuing to export high quality cocoa for European manufacturers—already a memorable triumph of their cooperative, linked to agroecological know-how—are now starting to make chocolate and cosmetics from their crops to commercialize in those markets. COPAVA produces cachaça (a sugarcane spirit) and several other agrarian processed (mainly dairy) goods and packed products (rice, beans) for selling and overing internal consumption (interview 19).
The importance of solving conflicts to enable cooperative collective dynamics was also a key lesson from our experience in ecovillages. Some of them, such as ZEGG and Sieben Linden, master techniques and tools to resolve interpersonal friction in living and working together. In addition, they incorporate strong common visions.
Apparently, the use of such techniques and tools is essential to explain how ecovillagers are able to live and work together and persist in tight communities throughout time. It is important to highlight that those techniques and tools operate under principles of experimentation; they bring flexibility at the same time that they create room for learning with trial and error.