This map comparing black populations and average income levels in 1970 demonstrates the motives behind this mass migration, as the most black-concentrated neighborhoods, like Hilltop and Eastside, are by a wide margin the most impoverished as well. The wealthiest enclaves of Pierce County, such as University Place and Northeast Tacoma, are almost entirely devoid of black residents, indicating that, while formal housing segregation ended in the 1960s, de facto segregation would continue for many decades after.