Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Aspects of the Normans in Southern Italy, Sicily & North Africa

Greek and Islamic Architecture in Norman Sicily

One of the important factors that also play into the cross-cultural influences of a kingdom or empire can be seen within the architecture of the time. The Normans are no exception to this rule. Along with a blend of Greco-Norman and Arab-Norman art came a rise in Greco-Norman and Arab-Norman architecture. Throughout Sicily, a series of notable churches and palaces were constructed during the reign of the Normans that reflected both Greek and Berber craftsmanship in the region. We can see examples of Greek architecture from Roger II's royal palace, which featured Byzantine Mosaics made in Constantinople. These mosaics were also important in the design and construction of the Cefalu Chapel. The Cappella Palatina in Palermo also utilizes Greek architecture, combining various styles and decor to create a distinct Siculo-Norman identity. The Cappella displays Byzantine mosaics like Roger’s Palace but also has the trademark Byzantine dome that was utilized throughout lands formerly or currently occupied by the Byzantine Empire at the time.
Similarly, Norman architecture in Sicily had various constructions built using an Arab-Norman style. While Greco-Norman architecure did incorporate Berber influence in its design and construction, Arab-Norman architecture took influence from Greek influences as well. One such example can be seen in the Church of Saint John of the Hermits. Built in Palermo by the command of Roger II around 1143 CE, the church boasted lavish red domes that highlighted its Berber architectural influence. Other Norman architectural constructions that displayed Berber design were the Santi Pietro e Paolo d'Agrò and the Palazzo dei Normanni.

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