Citations

Primary Sources

Loud, G. A. “A Letter of Jacques de Vitry,” Retrieved from the University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies. 1–15.

Loud, G. A. “Estoire d’Eracles: The Old French Continuation of William of Tyre,” Retrieved from the University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies. 1–28.

Loud, G.A. "Innocent II and the Kingdom of Sicily." Retrieved from the University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies. 1–10.

Loud, G. A. “The Annals of Bari, 1035-1102,” Retrieved from the University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies. 1–22.

Loud, G. A. “The Annals of Montecassino, 1189-1195,” Retrieved from the University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies. 1–7.

Loud, G. A. and Peter of Eboli. “The Book in Honour of the Emperor,” Retrieved from the University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies. 1–22.

Loud, G. A. and John Berard. “The Chronicle of Richard of S. Germano.” Retrieved from the University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies. 1–20.

Loud, G. A. and John Berard. “The Chronicle of St. Clement of Casauria.” Retrieved from the University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies. 1–71.

Loud, G. A. “The Genoese Annals of Ottobuono Scriba,” Retrieved from the University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies. 1–8.

Loud, G. A. “The Image of the Tyrant in the Work of 'Hugo Falcandus',” Retrieved from the University of Nottingham Medieval Studies. 1–20.

Loud, G. A., and Guilelmus Apuliensis. The Deeds of Robert Guiscard by William of Apulia, 2008.

Malaterra, Goffredo, and Kenneth Baxter Wolf. The Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of His Brother Duke Robert Guiscard. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2005.

Vitalis, Ordericus, and Thomas Forester. The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854.

Secondary Sources

Brett, Michael. “Ifriqiya as a Market for Saharan Trade from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century A.D.” The Journal of African History 10, no. 3 (1969): 347–64.

Burkhardt, Stefan, and Thomas Foerster. Norman Tradition and Transcultural Heritage: Exchange of Cultures in the 'Norman' Peripheries of Medieval Europe. Routledge, 2016.

Cowdrey, H. E. J. “The Mahdia Campaign of 1087.” The English Historical Review 92, no. 362 (1977): 1–29.

Davis-Secord, Sarah. Migration in the Medieval Mediterranean. Arc Humanities Press, 2021.

​​​​​Douglas, David Charles. The Norman Achievement: 1050-1100. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1969.

Douglas, David Charles. The Norman Fate, 1100-1154. London, 1976.

Drell, Joanna H., and Paul Oldfield, eds. Rethinking Norman Italy: Studies in Honour of Graham A. Loud. Manchester University Press, 2021.

Green, Judith A. The Normans: Power, Conquest, and Culture in 11th-Century Europe. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2022.

Goitein, S. D. “The Unity of the Mediterranean World in the ‘Middle’ Middle Ages.” Studia Islamica, no. 12 (1960): 29–42.

Haskins, Charles Homer. The Normans in European History. New York, NY: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1915.

King, Matt. Dynasties Intertwined: The Zirids of Ifriqiya and the Normans of Sicily. Cornell University Press, 2022.

King, Matt. “The Norman Kingdom of Africa and the Medieval Mediterranean.” Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, March 2018: 1-384.

King, Matt. “Reframing the Fall of the Zirid Dynasty, 1112–35 CE.” Mediterranean Studies 26, no. 1 (2018): 1–25.

Loud, G.A. Roger II and the Creation of the Kingdom of Sicily. Manchester; New York: Manchester University Press, 2017.

McQueen, William B. “Relation Between the Normans and Byzantines, 1071-1112.” Byzantion 56 (1986): 427–76.

Naylor, Phillip C. North Africa, Revised Edition: A History from Antiquity to the Present. REV-Revised, 2. University of Texas Press, 2015.

Pergalias, Vassilis. “The Siege of Bari: Norman Power Triumphant in Southern Italy, 1068-1071.” Medieval Warfare 1, no. 4 (2011): 35–39.

Rowley, Trevor. The Normans: A History of Conquest. New York, NY: Pegasus Books, 2021.
Smit, Timothy. “Weaving Connections: Sicilian Silk in the Medieval Mediterranean,” Textile History, 52:1-2, 5-22, March 2022.

Takayama, Hiroshi. “Central Power and Multi-Cultural Elements at the Norman Court of Sicily.” Mediterranean Studies 12 (2003): 1–15.

Theotokis, Georgios. “The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061–1072: Numbers and Military Tactics.” War in History 17, no. 4 (2010): 381–402.

van Houts, Elisabeth. The Normans in Europe. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2000.

Villegas-Aristizábal Lucas. Norman and Anglo-Norman Participation in the Iberian Reconquista c.1018-c.1248. Nottingham, UK, 2007.

Webber, Nick. The Evolution of Norman Identity, 911-1154. Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2005.

Wolf, Kenneth Baxter. Making History: The Normans and Their Historians in Eleventh-Century Italy. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.

Živadinović, Dojčin. “The Origins And Antecedents Of Joachim Of Fiore's (1135-1202) Historical-Continuous Method Of Prophetic Interpretation,” Retrieved from the James White Library at Andrews University. 1–366.