In my opinion, the intersection of Mathematics and Theology happens at infinity. The mathematical and the theological concepts of infinity are similar, mainly because we cannot comprehend the infinite—we are just aware that it exists.
"What would he not have said with that power of eloquence he possessed if he had gone further, if he had known that all matter is organic everywhere, and that, however small a portion one takes, it contains representatively, by virtue of the actual decreasing to infinity that it encloses, the actual increasing to infinity which is outside it in the universe. That is, each small portion contains, in an infinity of ways, a living mirror expressing the whole infinite universe that exists with it; so that a sufficiently great mind, armed with a sufficiently penetrating view, could see here everything everywhere"
-Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz on Pascal