Exploration of the Revolutionary: A Pan-European Issue
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Quis hendrerit dolor magna eget. Rhoncus dolor purus non enim praesent elementum facilisis leo vel. Convallis a cras semper auctor neque vitae tempus. Quis eleifend quam adipiscing vitae proin sagittis nisl rhoncus mattis. Tellus cras adipiscing enim eu turpis egestas pretium. Eu augue ut lectus arcu bibendum. Nulla malesuada pellentesque elit eget gravida cum sociis. Leo vel fringilla est ullamcorper eget. Turpis massa sed elementum tempus egestas sed. Netus et malesuada fames ac. Elementum nibh tellus molestie nunc non. Ornare lectus sit amet est placerat in egestas.
Adipiscing diam donec adipiscing tristique risus nec feugiat in fermentum. Pulvinar sapien et ligula ullamcorper malesuada proin libero nunc. Venenatis lectus magna fringilla urna porttitor rhoncus dolor. Tristique sollicitudin nibh sit amet commodo nulla. Massa sed elementum tempus egestas sed sed risus pretium quam. Sed enim ut sem viverra aliquet eget sit. Proin sagittis nisl rhoncus mattis rhoncus urna neque. Suspendisse faucibus interdum posuere lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Ultrices vitae auctor eu augue ut lectus arcu. Nibh venenatis cras sed felis eget velit aliquet. Adipiscing vitae proin sagittis nisl rhoncus mattis rhoncus. Diam sit amet nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies.
Non curabitur gravida arcu ac. A pellentesque sit amet porttitor eget dolor. Pellentesque sit amet porttitor eget dolor morbi non arcu. Volutpat diam ut venenatis tellus in. Augue mauris augue neque gravida in fermentum et sollicitudin. Erat velit scelerisque in dictum non consectetur a erat. Posuere urna nec tincidunt praesent semper. Elit scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. In hac habitasse platea dictumst vestibulum rhoncus est pellentesque elit. Sed lectus vestibulum mattis ullamcorper velit sed ullamcorper morbi tincidunt. Nibh tellus molestie nunc non. Consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. At tellus at urna condimentum mattis. Egestas purus viverra accumsan in nisl. Cursus mattis molestie a iaculis at. Pretium quam vulputate dignissim suspendisse in est ante in. Amet consectetur adipiscing elit duis tristique sollicitudin nibh sit amet. Aliquam nulla facilisi cras fermentum. Platea dictumst quisque sagittis purus sit amet volutpat. Est ullamcorper eget nulla facilisi etiam. During the 18th century, a time of intense conflict and imperial development across Europe, ideological differences arose at an unprecedented rate as the world shifted into the modern era. A string of prominent philosophers and political renegades in particular took advantage of newly-minted Enlightenment ideas regarding relationships between government, science, happiness and religion, and perhaps most infamously led to the triumph of the French Revolution, which took place from 1789-1799 and was a culmination of such revelations. One such figure was Jacques Mallet du Pan, a man who stoked the controversial fires of Royalist sentiment with excessive use of increasingly outdated notions of classism and eventually separated himself entirely from France, denouncing the nation thoroughly. Nonetheless his work, including Dangers Which Threaten Europe, explores the opposing viewpoints on European revolutions and the potentially disastrous impact they could have. Du Pan’s sentiments are unique in their associations, as evidenced by, save few, rare occurrences within the larger historical discourse toward the French Revolution. Regardless, taking a look into these non-traditional attitudes toward the conflict can glean crucial insight that may easily be overlooked. Indeed, Jacques Mallet du Pan was a controversial figure who had strong opinions on the state of Europe and France in particular. Growing up in Switzerland and eventually moving to London and Paris, du Pan always found himself opposed to the callous revolutionaries that he began to see more frequently. His views are best exemplified in his book titled Dangers Which Threaten Europe, which provides a lengthy critique of the revolutionary landscape within France. The book was released and published in 1794, on the heels of the Reign of Terror. The timing of the release, whether intentional or not, was ideal for someone hoping to arouse Royalist support; the French revolutionary cause had just executed upwards of 16,000 citizens deemed ‘counter-revolutionaries’, and conscripted over 750,000 new soldiers, of which many deserted. Additionally, the French Revolutionary Wars were in full swing with the goal of expanding French borders and effectively transforming the political and geographic landscape within western Europe. Many outside of France opposed this attempt to redefine the structures which had existed for centuries, wanting to protect the aristocracies in place and hold onto monarchical regimes. Du Pan, having already served for Louis XVI, was well-equipped to capitalize on this period of doubt. Meanwhile, Great Britain was undergoing its own changes as it prepared for a transition into the 19th century. The recent unification of England and Scotland helped to consolidate power and prepare for the outset of the British Empire, which eventually became a global affair. Throughout the 18th century however, Great Britain’s relationship with France was particularly strained, after having gone through both the Seven Years’ War and the French-backed American Revolution in a period of less than 50 years. Both of these conflicts, in addition to the later Napoleonic Wars, only served to increase tensions between these two superpowers.
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- Preface & Table of Contents Arthur Ian Michie
