Games of the 1980s
Given the complexity and contradictions of the two industries' rising economic and cultural entanglement, it is also important to make a distinction between the depiction of arcade and PC games vs. home console games during this period. On the screens of Hollywood, PC games were often presented as coextensive with the emerging world of computer programming -- a technical skill with economic and professional rewards -- as distinct from home console games, which were strictly used for entertainment. With console games connected to TV sets in the home, their literal substitution for TV watching as a leisure activity was indisputable, a distinction that would grow increasingly stark in the decades that followed. Although "computer experts" were commonly featured in Hollywood narratives of the PC-era, the association of computer "hacking" with criminal activity was not codified in Hollywood until the early 1990s. During the 1980s, in fact, computer skills were often non-judgmentally linked with gaming skills, and PC-based game systems were seamlessly repurposed to other ends.