Chapter Eight: Speech. Presentation
8a: Why Make a Speech?
It used to be that the essential technologies for making a speech were the orator's voice and soapbox to stand upon. This legacy of formal speech in Western civilization goes back at least as far as the public forums in ancient Greece at the beginning of recorded history. In fact, the first subject taught in higher education back then was rhetoric, which, for the ancient Greeks, meant only oral presentation, since they didn't have PowerPoint, Spark, Prezi, or Keynote back then.Notice in the previous paragraph how quickly the key term moved from speech to presentation. The title of this segment should actually be Making a Presentation, not Making a Speech, because now we so rarely think only in terms of just spoken words and not the entire scene, visual and sonic, of a formal presentation. In our digital age, spoken words remain the heart of the matter, just as they did in Ancient Greece, but there is a lot more going on when it comes to reaching today's audiences.
Speeches and formal presentations are just as important today as they were in the Ancient Greece, but the difference is that now our “sources” and “channels” for speeches vary much more widely and often include significant visual dimensions that work in concert with the verbal aspects of a presentation. Sure, you can still get up on a soapbox and deliver a speech -- if you can find a wooden soapbox -- but you are much more likely to deliver a speech in front of a screen, and those presentations are now easy to capture and broadcast online to potentially enormous audiences.
Previous chapters discuss the radio (Chapter 6) and television (Chapter 5) as powerful media "channels" in the previous century, but the Internet has since become the most prominent "channel" for delivering a recorded speech. And, because the Internet is networked and multimedia, digitally delivered speeches are more accurately considered presentations, because they involve much more than just human voices.
We now have convenient devices for accessing presentations wherever we are and wherever we go, and we can choose from thousands of digital “channels” to listen to. TED Talks, Ignite Talks, and even downloads of university lectures in online courses have become a "thing," which means that these formats are familiar and available to most of us. Even so, we are just as likely to listen to live presentations where we are in the same place with the speaker.
Most importantly, for your purposes as a college student, you will increasingly need to deliver all kinds of presentations in school, which is direct preparation for the many presentations you are likely to give throughout in your career after graduation. In other words, even though a digitally recorded TED Talk might seem like the most glamorous form of contemporary "speech," if you think about it, each of us gives dozens speeches in our lives as students and professionals. Adobe Creative Cloud can help make your live and recorded presentations successful, especially in terms of the visual elements and the "visual channel" of your presentation.
Producing Audio Recordings and Broadcasts
Sound is more important than ever, although it may not be as obvious as in the days when we had sole-purpose “sound machines,” like radios and stereos. What is particularly exciting about the current era of sound is that it’s now very easy for us all to produce our own “sounds” as recordings or digital productions. Part of what made the radio such a powerful medium in the first half of the 20thCentury was that very few people could produce recordings and broadcasts but almost everyone could consume them. Now, you can do both.
The principles of sound production, editing, and recording are similar to what they have always been, it’s just that, in the digital age, so many of us can now produce music, podcasts, and soundtracks. So, what is the “DNA” of “sound”? What is its fundamental nature? When and why should you choose to share something sonically? And, thus, how should you go about planning, making, and editing a sound file using Creative Cloud?
On the one hand, audio recording has been used across history for so many different purposes, by so many different people, and in so many different contexts that it is impossible to say what it really is and how it really works once and for all. On the other hand, sound – as music, spoken words, or ambient soundscape – does some specific things that neither print nor image can accomplish. We learn to hear and speak language before we can read it, unless we are hearing impaired. Music has enormous emotional power, which can transport our thoughts and feelings to some dramatic and profound places. And, for those of us who can hear, the sounds of the world around us – nature, machines, people, even our own heartbeats – deeply determine not only our experience but also our basic survival.
Sound recordings have made a huge impact on civilization because, as a technology, they’ve worked so well. They are particularly effective for conveying tone, feel, emotion, and certain kinds of information. Print text often provides more dense and specific information than sound – a written chapter is easier to comprehend in detail than a spoken lecture. Digital sound can also provide a virtual sense of closeness and immediacy, even when you are actually at a distance: phone calls can make it feel like the person is in the room, and concert recordings approximate listening to a live band. Another distinct advantage of digital sound is that it can be precisely edited, controlled, and manipulated in ways that we often do not perceive when listening. Sounds that were actually recorded separately can be mixed together to seem like they were combined live. A variety of voices, speeches, and interviews can be edited together in something like a “radio essay.”
If the advantages of recording, editing, and mixing described in the previous paragraph seem like they might work for your project – they seem like they might solve problems or energize your work – then maybe you should make a recording, podcast, soundtrack, or soundscape. If, however, you need to share highly detailed information, then perhaps you should do so primarily in print. Or, if the ideas you need to convey are mostly visual, then maybe you should make an image instead of a sound. Of course, perhaps it’s most effect to combine image, language, music, sound, and speech in the form of a movie? But, if you want to focus specifically on sound production and editing, then Adobe Audition CC is a professional grade tool for doing so. You can also use Adobe Premier Pro CC to make sounds, but, since that application is really for making video, Audition is probably the better choice.