Calculating VS. Thinking
A major difference between machine and human beings is the fact that machine is incapable of thinking. Rather, they calculate. The act of calculating, according to the very first definition of Google, is to "determine (the amount or number of something) mathematically". From a more philosophical point of view, to calculate is to deduce something using logic and formulas, not only in a mathematical context, but in general.
Thinking, on the other hand, differentiates from calculating in the way emotions have a role in its "equation". The Google definition states that thinking is "using thought or rational judgment; intelligent". This leads us to question, can a machine be described using the adjective intelligent? Its data and knowledge is generally from a database that humans included, not from its own "brain". Additionally, machine is technically unable to experience emotions the way humans do, meaning it can not think. The upbringing and background of an individual all play a part in the act of thinking, yet for a machine, there is no upbringing.
Hal 9000, a machine created by humans, has shown that it is able to think over calculate. Some of the decision it makes goes against its programming, thus against logic. It acts based on its feelings of fear and worry, leading it to commit actions that are irrational and spontaneous, both terms that do not fit in the category of calculating.
