1895: My Way or My Way
1895: Nineteen Hopi men are imprisoned at Alcatraz for refusing to send their children to boarding school.
Actions for Self-Determination:
Actions for Self-Determination:
- 1969: Led by Richard Oakes, a Mohawk who directed the Indian Studies at San Francisco State College, and Grace Thorp, 78 Indians land on Alcatraz Island and occupy it. More than 50 tribes gathered and declared that they would make the island a center for Native American Studies of Ecology.
- 1993: Kaho’olawe is returned to Hawaiian control after 50 years of military live bombing and brief use as a penal colony. The island and its waters can only be used for Native Hawaiian cultural, spiritual and subsistence purposes.
- 2003: Due to a 30-year campaign of activism and civil disobedience, the Navy leaves Vieques Island in Puerto Rico.
- (All three islands—Alcatraz in 1848, Hawai’i in 1893, and Puerto Rico in 1898—were taken by force by the U.S. government.)
- Should people living in the United States have to go to public school? Why or why not? Should this be different for Native Americans living on sovereign land within U.S. boundaries?
- Should public schools use languages that reflect those spoken by their student body also or only standard English?
- Trudell—documentary following the life of Native American spokesperson for the American Indian Movement and the Alcatraz occupation. [Documentary]
- From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawai'i [Book]
- Alcatraz Is Not An Island [Website with Teaching Activities]
- What the Tour Guide Didn't Tell Me [Teaching Activity]
- Act of War [Documentary]
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