1. General overview of major events involving the Ottoman Empire and Europe prior and during the First World War. 
2. Overview of the Middle East's involvement in WWI from the University of Arizona's Center for Middle Eastern Studies.
   
3. A map recorded by the Royal Geographical Society in 1920 illustrates what was at the time thought of as "the Middle East" which includes Turkey with the description of the Middle as "lands from the Bosphorus to the eastern frontiers of India".
   

• Today, Turkey is still thought of as part of the Middle East; however, the land are that is now considered "The Middle East" has significantly grown and stabilized as shown by the map provided by the Middle East Studies Association.