Riot Grrrl
Despite these roots outside of Los Angeles, it is crucial to discuss this predominantly female movement within the context of punk and queer subcultures because female and lesbian involvement within these subcultures remains largely unwritten. The very nature of subculture has acquired strong masculine overtones, rendering females virtually invisible. Many girls' involvement in the punk scene is restricted to the roles of groupies and girlfriends. However, the rise of "dyke punk bands like Bitch and Animal, The Butchies, The Need, The Haggard, and Tribe 8 challenges the conventional understandings of punk as male dominated and queercore as a largely gay male phenomenon. This explosion also makes visible the queerness that energized the riot grrrl movement even as it was assiduously ignored by mainstream media" (Halberstam 166). Riot grrrl allows women to disrupt gender norms similar to how men disrupt gender norms in the mainstream punk scene.