Bibliography
1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006.
1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006.
1920 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006.
Ashtabula Geneva and Jefferson Directory 1921. Erie, Pennsylvania: Atkinson Erie Directory Co, 1921.
Ashtabula, Geneva, Jefferson, Kingsville and North Kingsville Directory, 1915-1916. Erie, Pennsylvania: Erie Printing Co, 1915.
Lady of Mt. Carmel photograph. Historical Pictures & Stories of Ashtabula County. Harbor-Topky Memorial Library, Ashtabula, Ohio.
Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Ashtabula, Ashtabula County, Ohio. Sanborn Map Company, March 1909. Map. https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn0586_006/.
Timonere, Tom. Phone Interview by Matthew Frabotta. March 12, 2022.
Timonere, Rita. Phone Interview by Matthew Frabotta. March 12, 2022.
Varckette, Ralph. Phone Interview by Matthew Frabotta. March 12, 2022.
“Waterworks Accepted,” Ashtabula Weekly Telegraph, June 28, 1889.
Secondary Sources
Feather, Carl. Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio: A History of the World’s Greatest Iron Ore Receiving Port. Geneva, Ohio: The Feather Cottage, 2017.
Gabaccia, Donna R. Italy’s Many Diasporas. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2000.
“History of the Iron Ore Trade.” History of the Iron Ore Trade: The Cleveland Memory Project, http://www.clevelandmemory.org/glihc/oretrade.html.
Hoobler, Dorothy and Thomas. The Italian American Family Album. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Knopf, Richard. “The People: An Essay on the People of Ashtabula & County.” Ashtabula: KSU Ashtabula Campus, 1977.