Gender in Livestock
In her text, Braidotti refers to Dolly using she/ it pronouns. The use of ‘She’ does the work of reminding us of the ways female livestock have been treated, undergoing forms of physical modification/ oppression. ‘It’ keeps Dolly from assuming the title of animal in all its components. ‘It’ reminds us that there is a part of her identity that is mechanical (which generally does not use pronouns)/ non-animal. Her gender is an important aspect of her as she was eventually able to give birth to healthy young. It is a part of her narrative since she was never really ‘born’ yet was able to give birth. She is a form of biogenetic capitalism. As an animal-machine cyborg she has relied on technology to even exist.
There is also the matter of her gender in regards to current livestock practices and what is done to female animals. One of the results from her creation "[...] was that the boundaries between animal and human health became blurred. As a result of this, new professional spaces emerged and the identity of Dolly the sheep was reconfigured, from an instrument for livestock improvement in the farm to a more universal symbol of the new cloning age,” (GarcĂa-Sancho 282). Her body and her life were originally created as an experiment meant to be capitalistically beneficial. Her very existence was meant to be profitable. That is a heavy weight to place on the shoulders of any life/being.
More on the repercussions of her creation, there were thirteen surrogate mothers who were impregnated with eggs before one, Dolly, was viable (Campbell 98). This margin for error in a successful cloning experiment is not the only potential obstacle. Improper implantation can cause diseases and complications, and occurrences like large offspring syndrome are painful to the mother because of the damage done to her body with the young growing too much for her body to sustain (Campbell 99). These mothers are in no control and are being used by and for the purpose and profit of their owners. With livestock, cloning is a profitable endeavor when a farmer is able to pick the biggest of the flock to create the most high quality young possible (Campbell 96). The surrogate mothers are used for their free womb, and these offspring are created only for what their dead chopped body parts can be used for. Even in death, that mother and her offspring's bodies are not in her control. Dolly holds all of this in her body and her body's history.
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- Public Response & Anxieties Evelyn Burvant