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Explorations 1953-59 Footnotes

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1. Inside back cover, April 1954, Explorations 2. Carpenter and McLuhan drew inspiration from A. Irving Hallowell’s considerations of “spatio-temporal orientation” in his extensive essay titled “The Self and its Behavioral Environment.” See Carpenter to Hallowell, 20 January 1954. Alfred Hallowell Papers, Series 1. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.

2. See Darroch, 2008; Darroch & Marchessault, 2009, Geiser, 2010; Darroch, 2014; Darroch, 2016a, Darroch, 2016b.

3. Matie Molinaro, Corinne McLuhan, and William Toye (Eds.), Letters of Marshall McLuhan, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1987: 223.

4. Herbert Marshall McLuhan Fonds, held in Library and Archives Canada (LAC) in Ottawa. Further references to the McLuhan Fonds will be identified as LAC followed by the call number MG 31, D 156, the volume number, and the folder number (here: LAC MG 31, D 156, 145, 35).

5. Front matter, December 1953–June 1956, Explorations 1–6.

6. The list also included Le Corbusier, Marcel Duchamp, Buckminster Fuller, György Kepes, and S. I. Hayakawa, among many others.

7. See Anna Vallye, 2009, “The Strategic Universality of trans/formation, 1950–1952,” Grey Room 35:28–57.

8. Front matter, 1950, trans/formation: arts, communication, environment 1.

9. Marshall McLuhan to Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, 8 December 1953. Papers of Jaqueline Tyrwhitt (1885–1980). Royal Institute of British Architects, TYJ/18. RIBA British Architectural Library Drawings and Archives Collection, London.

10. Ellen Shoshkes, 2014, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt: A Transnational Life in Urban Planning and Design, Farnham, UK: Ashgate: 147.

11. Donald Theall, The Virtual Marshall McLuhan, Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001: 241.

12. Edmund S. Carpenter, Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, H. M. McLuhan, W. T. Easterbrook, and D. C. Williams, 1953, “University of Toronto: Changing Patterns of Language and Behavior and the New Media of Communication,” Ford Foundation Archives, New York: Rockefeller Archive Center. Grant File PA 53–70, Section 1, 1–11, here page 3.

13. Ford Foundation, 1953, Ford Foundation Annual Report 1953, New York: Ford Foundation: 67. The Ford Foundation’s Behavioral Sciences Program had the stated goal of “improving the content of the behavioral sciences” by specifically supporting “interdisciplinary research and study.” Launched in 1952, the program aimed to help the “intellectual development of the behavioral sciences” by “improving their relationship with such disciplines as history, social and political philosophy, humanistic studies and certain phases of economics” (67).

14. “Announcement of Interdisciplinary Research and Study Program.” Ford Foundation, Behavioral Sciences Division. LAC MG 31 156 204 26.

15. See Sigfried Giedion, 1987, “A Faculty of Interrelations,” in D. Huber (Ed.), Wege in die Öffentlichkeit (pp. 160–63), Zurich: Institut für Geschichte und Theorie der Architektur.

16. See for example Karl Deutsch, “Higher Education and the Unity of Knowledge,” in Lyman Bryson, Louis Finkelstein, and R. M. MacIver (Eds.), Goals for American Education: 9th Symposium (pp. 55–139), New York: Harper, 1950.

17. Carpenter et al., 1953: 1. The phrase comes from Karl Deutsch’s essays “Mechanism, Organism, and Society: Some Models in Natural and Social Science” (1951a: 241) and “Mechanism, Teleology, and Mind” (1951b: 194), and is reiterated in his book Nationalism and Social Communication (1953 [1966]: 93), when he discusses cybernetic concepts of information, message transfer, and complementarity. This book would be part of the Culture and Communication Seminar library holdings.

18. Marshall McLuhan, 1953, “The Later Innis,” Queen’s Quarterly 60(3): 385–94.

19. Carpenter et al., 1953: 1.

20. They also include Disney in this list of “Canadian pioneers of the new cinema medium”, whose Canadian-born grandfather offered a perhaps more dubious national connection. Carpenter et al., 1953: 1.

21. Carpenter et al., 1953: 1.

22. Molinaro et al., 1987: 222.

23. Molinaro et al., 1987: 223.

24. Molinaro et al., 1987: 218.

25. Marshall McLuhan to Norbert Wiener, 28 March 1951. File 135, Box 9, Norbert Wiener Papers, MIT Archives.

26. LAC MG 31, D 156, 149, 4. See also McLuhan to Hugh Kenner, 30 January 1951. Box 46, Folder 2, Hugh Kenner Papers. Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin.

27. LAC MG 31, D 156, 149, 4.

28. Carpenter et al., 1953: 10.

29. Carpenter et al., 1953: 4.

30. See Reinhold Martin, 2003, The Organizational Complex: Architecture, Media, and Corporate Space, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, chapter 2: “Pattern-Seeing” (pp. 42–79).

31. Norbert Wiener, 1956, “Pure Patterns in a Natural World,” in György Kepes (Ed.), The New Landscape in Art and Science (pp. 274–76), Chicago: P. Theobald. See also Martin, 2003: 38.

32. “Changing Patterns of Man and Society Associated with the New Media of Communication.” Draft of Ford Foundation Proposal, likely 1953. LAC MG 31, D 156, 204, 26.

33. Carpenter et al., 1953: 2.

34. Edmund Carpenter, 2001, “That Not-So-Silent Sea,” in Donald F. Theall (Ed.), The Virtual Marshall McLuhan (pp. 240), Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

35. Marshall McLuhan to Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, 24 July 1953. Papers of Jaqueline Tyrwhitt.

36. LAC MG 31, D 156, 203, 30. See also Jana Mangold, 2014, “Zwischen Sprache/n: Explorationen der Medien zwischen Kultur und Kommunikation 1954,” Zeitscrhift für Medienwissenschaft 11:155–62.

37. Letter addressed to the Canadian Social Science Research Council, likely mid-1953. LAC MG 31, D 156, 145, 41.

38. Edmund Carpenter and Marshall McLuhan, 1956, “The New Languages,” Chicago Review 10(1): 46.

39. Carpenter, 2001: 241.

40. Edmund Carpenter, 1954, “Certain Media Biases,” Explorations 3:65–74; Carpenter and McLuhan, 1956; Edmund Carpenter, 1957, “The New Languages,” Explorations 7:4–21.

41. D. C. Williams, J. Paul, and J. C. Ogilvie, 1957, “Mass Media, Learning, and Retention,” Canadian Journal of Psychology 11(3): 162–63.

42. Edmund Carpenter to Explorations Group, April 1955. Papers of Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, TyJ\17\4.

43. Carpenter, 2001: 251

44. Edmund Carpenter to Explorations Group, April 1955. Papers of Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, TyJ\17\4.

45. See Harald Prins and John Bishop, 2002, “Edmund Carpenter: Explorations in Media & Anthropology,” Visual Anthropology Review 17 (2): 110–40.

46. See Constantinos Doxiadis, 1968, Ekistics: An Introduction to the Science of Human Settlements, New York: Oxford University Press.

47. See inside front cover of Explorations 2, April 1954.

48. “Five Sovereign Fingers Taxed the Breath.” February 1955, Explorations 4:31–33.

 

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