Art in an Early Global World at WAM: A WAM/College of the Holy Cross Collaboration

Prince Arikankharer Slaying his Enemies: Sources and Further Reading

Adams, William Y. “Secular and Sacred Polities in Ancient Nubia”. World Archeology 6, no. 1 (1974): 39-51, ( 1974): 39-51. https://www.jstor.org/stable/124177

Burstein, Stanley M. “The African Encounter with Greece: The Case of Kush”. Acta Classica 64 (2021): 48-71. https://doi.org/10.1353/acl.2021.0011

Cooper, J., and D. Vanhulle. 2023. “Rock Art in the Atbai.” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 

109 (1–2): 189-208–208. doi:10.1177/03075133231211917.

Cooper, Julien. “Kushites Expressing ‘Egyptian’ Kingship”. Egypt and the Levant 28 (2018): 143-168. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26664987

David, Arlette. „Devouring the Enemy: Ancient Egyptian Metaphors of Domination”. The Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology. 22 (2011): 5-135

Dunham, Dows, and Laming Macadam, M.F. “Names and Relationships pf the Royal Family of Napata”. The Journal of Egyptian Archeology 35 (1949): 139-149. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3855222

Emberling, Geoff. 2020. “Exhibiting Ancient Africa at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: 

‘Ancient Nubia Now’ and Its Audiences.” American Journal of Archaeology 124 (3): 511–19. doi:10.3764/aja.124.3.0511.

Gozzoli, Roberto B. “Kawa V and Taharqo’s By3wt: Some Aspects of Nubian Royal Ideology. Journal of Egyptian Archeology 95 (2009): 235-248. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40645756

Hallmann, Aleksandra. “The Kushite Cloak” of Pekartror and Ireketakana: Novelt or Tradition?”. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 43 (2007): 15-27. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27801603

Harland, Randi. “The Meroitic Empire: Trade and Cultural Influences in an Indian Ocean Context”. The African Archaeological Review 31, no. 4 (2014): 649-673. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43916710

Haynes, Joyce L. 1992. Nubia : Ancient Kingdoms of Africa Joyce L Haynes. Museum of Fine 

Arts.

https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat09277a&AN=chc.oai.folio.org.holycross.e7e077f0.f9ea.5214.8276.aa4161e86b35&site=eds-live&scope=site.

Hofmann, Inge, and Laszlo Torok. “The Image of the Ordered World in Ancient Nubian Art. The Construction of the Kushite Mind (800 BC-300 AD).” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 88 (2002): 273. https://doi.org/10.2307/3822361.

Janzen, Mark D. “The Iconography of Humiliation: The Depiction and Treatment of Bound Foreigners in New Kingdom Egypt”. PhD diss. University of Memphis, 2013. https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/etd/661

Kahn, Dan’el. “Divided Kingdom, Co-Regency, or Sole Rule in the Kingdom(s) of Egypt and Kush?”. Egypt and the Levant 16 (2006): 275-291.  https://www.jstor.org/stable/23790289

Lemos, Rennan. 2024. “Egyptian Art in Colonized Nubia: Representing Power and Social 

Structure in the New Kingdom Tombs of Djehutyhotep, Hekanefer and Pennut.” Arts 13 (4). doi:10.3390/arts13040118.

Lohwasser, Angelika. “Queenship in Kush: Status, Role and Ideology of Royal Women”. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt38 (2001): 61-76. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40000552

Manzo, Andrea. “Architecture, Power, and Communication: Case Studies from Ancient Nubia”. The African Archaeological Review 34, no. 1 (2017): 121-143. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44988615

Robins, Gay. Proportion and Style in Ancient Egyptian Art. University of Texas Press, 1994

Russian, Edna R. “Kushite Headdress and ‘Kushite’ Style”. The Journal of Egyptian Archeology. 81 (1995): 227-232. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3821823

Spalinger, Anthony J. 1980. “Historical Observations on the Military Reliefs of Abu Simbel and 

Other Ramesside Temples in Nubia.” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 66 (January): 83–99. doi:10.2307/3856392.

Stevenson Smith, Wm. “Three Late Egyptian Reliefs”. Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts 47, no. 268 (1949): 21-29. https://www.jstor.org/stable/417103

Stewart, Andrew F. 2014. Art in the Hellenistic World : An Introduction Andrew Stewart, 

University of California, Berkeley. Cambridge University Press. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat09277a&AN=chc.oai.folio.org.holycross.57dbfc0c.5881.5f46.8e68.255915bb2fb8&site=eds-live&scope=site.

Török, László. Adoption and Adaptation : The Sense of Culture Transfer between Ancient Nubia and Egypt. Budapest: Ízisz Foundation, 2011.

Török, László. The Royal Crowns of Kush : A Study in Middle Nile Valley Regalia and Iconography in the 1st Millennia B.C. And A.D. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1987.

Török, László. “The Costume of the Ruler in Meroe : Remarks in Its Origins and Significances.” Archéologie du Nil Moyen no. 4 (1990): 151-201.

Török, László. Seven Books on Art in Late Antique Egypt. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1987.

 Török, Laszlo, and Magdalena Seleanu. Economic Offices and Officials in Meroitic Nubia : A Study in Territorial Administration of the Late Meroitic Kingdom. Budapest: Tudományegyetem, 1979.

Török, Laszlo. 2011. Hellenizing Art in Ancient Nubia 300 B.C. - AD 250 and Its Egyptian 

Models : A Study in “Acculturation.” Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, 53. BRILL. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat09478a&AN=csh.ocn743693823&site=eds-live&scope=site

Török, László. Adoption and Adaptation : The Sense of Culture Transfer between Ancient Nubia and Egypt. Budapest: Ízisz Foundation, 2011.

Török, László. The Royal Crowns of Kush : A Study in Middle Nile Valley Regalia and Iconography in the 1st Millennia B.C. And A.D. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1987.

Török, László. “The Costume of the Ruler in Meroe: Remarks in Its Origins and Significances.” Archéologie du Nil Moyen no. 4 (1990): 151-201.

Török, László. Seven Books on Art in Late Antique Egypt. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiado, 1987.

Török, Laszlo, and Magdalena Seleanu. Economic Offices and Officials in Meroitic Nubia : A Study in Territorial Administration of the Late Meroitic Kingdom. Budapest: Tudományegyetem, 1979.

Wenig, Steffen, and Brooklyn Museum. Africa in Antiquity: the Arts of Ancient Nubia and the Sudan. Brooklyn Museum, 1978.

Erica Belden, Class of 2026, College of the Holy Cross
Sophie Sundaram, Class of 2026, College of the Holy Cross

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