Amanda Sopchockchai, Class of 2027, College of the Holy Cross

Blaydes, Lisa, and Christopher Paik. “The Impact of Holy Land Crusades on State Formation: War Mobilization, Trade Integration, and Political Development in Medieval Europe.” International Organization 70, no. 3 (2016): 551–86. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24758130.

Breiding, Dirk H. “Techniques of Decoration on Arms and Armor.” Department of Arms and Armor, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed 2024. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dect/hd_dect.htm.

Cartwright, Mark. 2018. “Medieval Tournament.” In World History Encyclopedia. Accessed May 7, 2018. https://www.worldhistory.org/Medieval_Tournament/.

Clough, Nathan. “Knightly Pollaxe.” Arms & Armor. Accessed April 30, 2024. https://www.arms-n-armor.com/blogs/news/knightly-pole-axe.

Clough, Nathan. “Testing Poleaxes vs Armor.” Arms & Armor. Accessed April 30, 2024. https://www.arms-n-armor.com/blogs/news/poleaxes-vs-armor.

Clough, Nathan. “What Are Langets on a Polearm For?” Arms & Armor. Accessed April 30, 2024. https://www.arms-n-armor.com/blogs/news/what-are-langets-on-a-polearm-for.

Dobat, A.S. “The King and His Cult: The Axe-Hammer from Sutton Hoo and Its Implications for the Concept of Sacral Leadership in Early Medieval Europe.” Antiquity 80, no. 310: 880-893–893. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00094485.

"Duel." In Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Last modified April 12, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/duel.

"Hafting.” Wikipedia. Last modified February 26, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafting.

Hoffeld, Jeffrey M. “The Art of the Medieval Blacksmith.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 28, no. 4 (1969): 161–73. https://doi.org/10.2307/3258472.

"Kingdom of Germany.” Wikipedia. Last modified February 11, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany.

Marek, Lech. “Duel to the Death? The Emblematic Decoration of Fifteenth Century Pole Hammers.” Arms & Armour 19, no. 2 (November 2022): 118–45. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2022.2139880.

Metropolitan Museum of Art. Gothic and Renaissance Art in Nuremberg: 1300-1550. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986.

"Ordeal by combat." In Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed April 30, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/ordeal-by-combat.

"Pageant." In Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed April 30, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/art/pageant.

"Poleaxe.” Wikipedia. Last modified April 17, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poleaxe.

"Pollaxe | French, Burgundy.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed February 29, 2024. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/26720.

"Pollaxe.” Worcester Art Museum. Accessed February 29, 2024. https://worcester.emuseum.com/objects/47958/pollaxe?ctx=ecc4f7a87c169220c67c7e0eeaac88658acbc63c&idx=0.

Prestwich, Michael. "Tournaments and Jousts." In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195334036.001.0001/acref-9780195334036-e-0922.

Price, Brian R. “The Poleaxe: The Changing Face of Warfare.” Medieval Warfare 5, no. 3 (2015): 36–38. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48578454.

Price, Brian. “Ponderous, Cruel and Mortal: A Review of Medieval Poleaxe Technique from Surviving Treatises of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries.” Medievalists.net. Accessed April 30, 2024. https://www.medievalists.net/2015/11/ponderous-cruel-and-mortal-a-review-of-medieval-poleaxe-technique-from-surviving-treatises-of-the-fourteenth-and-fifteenth-centuries/.

"Quarterstaff.” Wikipedia. Last modified April 17, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarterstaff.

Schleunes, Karl A. et al. "Germany." In Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Last modified April 30, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany.

Smith, Kay, and Ruth R. Brown. “To Strike ‘The Brains out of His Head’: The Pollaxe.” Medieval Warfare 9, no. 4 (2019): 38–39. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48637220.

Smith, Robert Douglas. "Armor, Body." In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195334036.001.0001/acref-9780195334036-e-0065.