"The people are not simply historical events or parts of a patriotic body politic. They are also a complex rhetorical strategy of social reference where the claim to be representative provokes a crisis within the process of signification and discursive address. We then have a contested cultural territory where the people must be thought in a double- time; the people are the historical 'objects' of a nationalist pedagogy, giving the discourse an authority that is based on the pregiven or constituted historical origin or event; the people are also the 'subjects' of a process of signification that must erase any prior or originary presence of the nation-people to dem- onstrate the prodigious, living principle of the people as that con- tinual process by which the national life is redeemed and signified as a repeating and reproductive process." - Homi Bhaba, "DissemiNation" 

Citation
 

Erol, Sibel. "The Image of the Intellectual in Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu's Works." Turkish Studies Association Bulletin, vol. 16, no. 1, 1992, pp. 1-19.

Thesis

I want to examine the image of the intellectual in Yakup Kadri's novels, whose stories coincide with, and are the very site of the narration of the Turkish nation.

Methodology
lays the ground with a lot of Bakhtin and Bhaba
traces how the intellectual narrates and perceives national history through three novels. 

Key Terms

-the intellectual
- epic/novel
-pedagogic function : representing national unity
-performative function: representing subjects in their daily lives. 

Criticisms and Questions

-does not have a clear argument, however offers lots of great material and paths to go down for further research. Karaosmanoğlu seems sort of like the proto-typical example of what the Turkish intellectual, interested in peasantry, should not do. 

Notes 

-  By Homi Bhabha's account, the essential problem that engenders the narration of the nation is the lack of correspondence between the two conceptions of the people as "objects" and "subjects." The nation's story is an attempt to reconcile these two points. 
- monumental/recursive time
Bakhtin - epic is eternal, novel is world in the making
- writers like Ziya Pasha, Çinasi and Namik Kemal, worked to popularize ideals such as freedom, nationhood and constitutional government, became example for Yusuf Kadri.
-Karaosmanoglu's works start as novels about individuals in crisis, but end up as epics about idealized public heroes.
-  This desire for escape from reality, which is compounded by an elitist worldview, is characteristic of the intellectuals under the despotic reign of Abdülhamit II. e proclamation of the Second Constitution in 1908. Inner subjectivities explored by the Servet-i Fünun literature offer a good example of dreamed of creating a utopie earthly paradise called Green Nation ( Ye§il yurt) this escape from an uncontrollable and bitter reality. Servet-i Fünun authors such as Halid Ziya, Mehmed Rauf, Hüseyin Cahit, etc..
- Yakup Kadri originally pursued an art for art's sake approach, learned French to be familiar with the inspirations of Servet-i Funun. 
- Berna Moran shows the kadrocu ideology behind Yakup Kadri's attitude - that is, the belief that the ignorant public had to be led and illuminated by the authoritarian figure of the intellectual for the internalization. 
-Fathi Naci criticizes that in "Ankara" the word democracy does not appear:
"Yakup Kadri, who takes optimism to ridiculous extremes in every other context, cannot bear the  idea that people govern themselves."