Chapter 2: Korean Envoys and Sino-Korean exchange
Sahaeng and Yŏnhaengnok
Sahaeng 사행 (Diplomatic journeys): envoys to Ming China (1368–1644) for annual events and special occasions based on mutual needs.
Yŏnhaengnok 연행록 (records of diplomatic mission to China): term used by officials dispatched to Qing China (1644–1911).
- Total of 280 documents out of 380 records of Korean China missions
- Different styles and languages: prose-essays, kasa, sijo, travelogues, and diaries in classical Chinese and vernacular Korean
- Important authors: Hong Taeyong (1731–1783), Yŏngi 연기; Kim Ch'angŏp (1658–1722), Nogajae Yŏnhaeng ilgi 노가재연행일기; Pak Chiwŏn (1737–1805), Yŏlha ilgi 열하일기
Yŏnhaeng Map
Land route: Yalu river - Liaodong - Fenghuangcheng - Shenyang - Heishan - Jinzhou - Xingcheng - Shanhaiguan - Beijing
Journeys to China during late Chosŏn
