Slave Codes
…looks forward, in the history of the United States, to the beginnings of a systematic jurisprudence on slave status during the decade prior to independence; to the widening of police initiatives against free negroes in the antebellum years; to Prigg v. Pennsylvania and Dred Scott v. Sandford on the fugitive slave’s unlawful standing; to the Thirteenth Amendment’s exception clause; to Roberts v. City of Boston and Plessy v. Ferguson on segregation and public welfare; to the new police departments, magistrate’s courts, and convict lease operations that were introduced after emancipation.