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Tracing Hollywood's Cold War

How films shaped American hearts and minds throughout the Cold War

Micayla Moore, Kelsey Anderson, Authors
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Danger From the Inside


As evidenced by the preceding clip, the danger of Communism was  also present within American society. With the rise of McCarthyism, the 1950s and 1960s saw a great increase in espionage films. Often times, the Communist threat was no longer the Soviets themselves, but American traitors who either were red or "fellow travelers". Americans had to be constantly on guard for those around them who may be succumbing to the Communist way.   

Titles such as "Conspirator" and "I Married A Communist" directly reveal the focus of these films. There are countless films that fall under this category and portray the Communist threat as manifested in neighbors, family, strangers, and even lovers.    

American films

"The Manchurian Candidate" (1962) is a film adopted from the 1959 novel by Richard Condon. One of the most stimulating and complex films of the Cold War era, this movie portrays Korean War soldiers who were brainwashed by Communist forces in Manchuria before returning to the United States. Soldier Raymond Shaw in particular is selected to become a brainwashed Communist assassin and kill a leading political candidate in order to establish Communists in power in the United States. Shaw's mother, masquerading as the loyal wife of the McCarthy-like senator, is actually a secret Communist handler who controls Shaw. 

This film simultaneously entertained and frightened audiences of the 1960s. In his review of the film in 1962 for the New York Times, Bosley Crowther stated, "...'The Manchurian Candidate' pops up with a rash supposition that could serve to scare some viewers half to death-that is, if they are dupes enough to believe it, which we solemnly trust they won't." Here, Crowther acknowledges the simultaneous thrill and satire that the film portrayed. In total, "The Manchurian Candidate" served to further fears of Communist elements at work in U.S. politics while simultaneously satirizing the red-baiting craze of the McCarthy era.    

"Seven Days of May" (1964) is an American film that presents a military coup occurring within the United States in opposition of the President. Also derived from a book, the film shows political leadership divided due to Communism and chaotic riots ensue on American soil. With the proposal that "it could happen here", the film furthered anxieties about division in the country. In the wake of John F. Kennedy's assassination and the turbulence of the 1960s, the film struck a chord with the American people.  

British film
In addition to American films that portrayed Communism as an internal threat, British filmmakers also produced several films that featured espionage and Communist traitors. 

Conspirator (1949) is a love story with political implications. It features a young American woman and a British soldier who quickly fall in love and marry. However, the woman soon learns of her husband's secret-that he is a spy for the Soviets. She tells him he must choose between Communism and her. Ultimately, when his Soviet bosses learn of her knowledge, they order her killed to protect her husband's identity. He cannot bring himself to kill her and eventually kills himself, sending the message to American and foreign audiences that love can be ruined by Communism there is no happy ending for Communists.  
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