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Seeing Systems: A Conceptual Resource

Ned O'Gorman, Jessica Robinson, Paul McKean, Matt Pitchford, Mary Grace Hebert, Ned Prutzer, Sally Jackson, Jessica Landau, Jeffrey Proulx, Melissa Seifert, Natalie Lambert, Kristina Williams, Gabe Malo, elizaBeth Simpson, Fabian Prieto-Nanez, Nikki Weickum, Kevin Hamilton, Authors

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Interdependence

In Marshall Scott Poole's encyclopedia article, interdependence is a constituent feature of a system in itself. Poole writes that a system is "a set of interdependent components that form an internally organized whole that operates as one in relation to its environment and to other systems" (50). Later in the same article, Poole notes that interdependence deals with the way in which components within the system relate to one another. These relations can be one-way or mutual. The examples that Poole uses as interdependences include "workflow, communication, authority, and affect. Interdependences among components are the basis for the functional and causal effects they have on one another" (51).

It might be helpful to extend interdependencies beyond the boundaries of a single system to understand how systems relate to other systems. This notion of the interrelatedness of systems—both within and without system boundaries—gives us maximum flexibility for understanding a system’s function. 

For example, in approaching the case study of my paper (how do economic statistics function as modes of representing and visualizing the American economic system?) a theory of systems as a set of interdependencies justifies a broad approach that examines media, economics, and politics in tandem to understand how these interactions between systems mutually reinforce or otherwise implicate one another. 

If interdependence is a relationship between components, I think that is worth considering how those interactions are explained and made more complex through rhetorical vocabularies and enactments. For example, while authority is one form of an interdependent relationship, I want to look at how Reddit enforces a particular sense of authority between the relatively "flat" components of individual Redditors. This authority comes from inside the system of adherence to appropriate "Reddit culture" through the community's policing of organizational and communication norms. Rather than the relationship from boss to employee, authority on Reddit is enacted through group pressure, ridicule, and adherence to an (often) unwritten set of rules. Therefore, participation in this social network involves appeals to a particular identity as a Redditor, rather than a formal authority or organizational censorship.
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