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Mughal defense and monumentalism

Ernest H. Jefferson, Author

This page was created by Jasmine Oghaz. 

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The Mughal Capital under Akbar

Like that of his predecessors, Akbar's reign was characterized by great imperial mobility. During his 49 years of rule (1556-1605), the emperor changed capitals often in response to dynamic economic and political situations. The capital shifted first from Agra to Fatehpur-Sikri in 1571, then to Lahore in 1585, and finally back to Agra in 1598. The subah or province of Agra is depicted in the central northern region of the map, which was created by R. Wilkinson in 1815 to illustrate the administrative divisions of Akbar's empire. 
Note on imperial mobility: The constant military campaigns that characterized the reign of the first three Mughal emperors resulted in the acquisition of a large swathe of territory extending from Kabul to much of northern India. While Kabul was a stable seat of imperial power with a well-regulated system of administration, the newly acquired territories in South Asia were a lot more volatile in the sense that, although the Mughals had nominally conquered the land, they had not yet established their presence. Large, mobile imperial camps accompanied military campaigns and effectively brought the center to the periphery. These camps were the equivalent of a spatially untempered capital; they served as centers of administration and expressions of strength, enabling the emperor to consolidate power by shifting his focus and resources onto recently acquired territories. This may also explain the political motivations behind Akbar's perpetually shifting imperial capital. Unrest in the northwest may well have caused him to relocate the center to Lahore, for instance.

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