Emigration
Emigration is the act of leaving one's resident country with the intent to settle elsewhere.
Emigration is often described with more agency than the act of exile. During Nazi Germany, many emigrated from Germany because they were unhappy with the political situation, but not necessarily because—like the Jews or the Communists, for example—they were at risk of imminent persecution by the government.
Definition adapted from Wikipedia, August 22, 2016.