A modern observer is that which perceives the world around him with what Crary calls, based on Marx's thoughts, a "disinterested perception" (94). He has the capacity of pure vision, of seeing things "without consciousness of what they signify" (95). This type of observer is very different to the one of the late 18th century who based in the camera obsucura had to to perceive the world by relating a reflection of the world the connotations he had learned through epistemology.

This concept of a pure vision was created in the early 19th century by the scientific or physiological studies which revealed the role played by the human body in the process of seeing. These studies provided a base for philosophers and psychologists to nurture the evolution

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