The Short-Handled Hoe and the Farm-Worker Gaze
UFW posters and activist art from the 1970s, including Daniel Desiga’s iconic painting Campesino (1976) and especially Rick Tejada-Flores’ photo series "Stoop Labor/Short-Handled Hoe" (1972-1975), foreground the ways that the tool helped reproduce subordination by reshaping the bodies of bending workers and by making their labor visible against the grid of industrial agricultural production. “Stoop Labor/Short Handled-Hoe” is extensive, including fifty-three photographs, and viewing the series as a whole has a repetitive, cumulative effect that symbolically recalls the worker’s repeated bending and injuries. Some partly reproduce the bosses’ perspective of panoramic surveillance and in long, wide-angle shots of workers amid extensive rows of crops, their bent outlines brought into relief against the horizon. Tejada-Flores also intersperses medium-range or closeup shots, of pairs or individual workers, that make details of clothing, hair, eyes, and hands visible in particularizing and humanizing ways. In one striking image a farm worker’s large transistor radio is visible, strapped on at the waist, highlighting his use of technology rather than total reduction to it. “Stoop Labor/Short Handled-Hoe” casts a dereifying gaze on farm workers that visually marks their difference from the tools of production. These ultimately successful efforts to ban the use of the short-handled hoe are an important example of farm worker futurism. As farm worker activist Jessie De La Cruz explains explains in the video to the right, such victories exemplify the UFW slogan "si se puede"/yes we can do it, and speaks "to the future of changing the world." At the same time, however, the story of the short-handled hoe has also been incorporated into US nationalist narratives about progress over race and class inequality. An example of the tool once used by Cesar Chavez has been included in the collection of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, and incorporated into its Internet based "Object of History" exhibit as a "virtual object."
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