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How to Know Hong Kong and Macau

Roberto Ignacio Diaz, Dominic Cheung, Ana Paulina Lee, Authors

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Hong Kong: The Influx of Languages and 1997(2)

Hong Kong


The Influx of Languages and 1997


Un-Official Languages

Major Asian Languages present in Hong Kong include Tagalog,Bahasa Indonesia, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai, Hindi,Nepali and Urdu. Among them, Tagalog and Bahasa Indonesia have a relatively large number of speakers. This is mainly due to the prevalence of domestic helpers in Hong Kong.Yet according to 2011 Census,among ethnic minorities aged 5 and over,English was the language most commonly spoken at home, with 44.2% of them reporting as such. This was followed by Cantonese (31.7%), Filipino (3.7%), Indonesian (3.6%), Japanese (2.2%), Putonghua (1.0%) and other Chinese dialects (other than Cantonese and Putonghua) (0.3%).So the non-official languages have a relatively limited influence in Hong Kong.
Before surpassed by Indonesian, Filipino used to be largest minority group in Hong Kong (In 2001 Census,Filipinos 41.4%, Indonesians 14.7%; but in 2011 Census Indonesians 29.6%, Filipinos 29.5%. Thematic Report,Ethnic Minorities.Hong Kong Government).They are here as domestic workers, who became popular since 1970s. They speak with their employers in English and speak Tagalog among themselves.Most domestic helpers live in their employers home, so the situation highly depends on the employment condition. Also,when they get their days off on Sunday, the Filipinos always gather in Central,Tsim Sha Tsui and Victoria Parl, thus changing the Tagalog circle.St.John's Cathedral at Central, for example, offers service in Tagalog on Sunday. 
Bahasa Indonesia is another language spoken by the ethnic minorities, also due to the popularity of domestic helpers. Similarly, they usually live in their employers' home and on their days off, they hang out near Indonesian Consulate in Causeway Bay and Victoria Park.
Because the presence of the two groups above, there are occasionally signs in their languages in public space, but due to the content,they are sometimes controversial.
Among other Asian languages, some,like Thai, are spoken by domestic servants as well;some are spoken by former foreign investors such as Japanese; some are spokne by small business owners and workers such as Hindi; it is also possible that some languages are popular mainly because the popular culture such as Korean soap operas and Japanese cartoons. But we can always expect to see these languages in ethnic food restaurants.
European languages other than English have an even smaller number of native speakers. French,German,Italian, Spanish and Portuguese are the more commonly used European languages.Besides seeing them at restaurants, they are usually studied as the foreign language(more often, second foreign language) at school.Cultural reasons such as red wine,classical music make French, German and Italian popular. Business connection with Spanish-speaking countries is also a major reason to learn Spanish in Hong Kong, Geographic reason like Hong Kong is near Macau may also result in Portuguese learning.
It is also interesting to note than some local business would also use European languages to add an exotic atmosphere. For example, one of the most popular franchise Cha Chaan Teng is called  Café de Coral, a rather French name.

Relatively speaking, the un-official languages are not significantly influenced by the 1997 Handover. Also, our group member Quyen suggests that the reason why there are no clear districts of languages,besides the dominant Chinese population ,is the very-well developed public transportation system. The mobility of people makes the languages mobile. This is a very convincing idea. However, as previously stated, the language situation in Hong Kong is complicated and even confusing.Before I continue the further research,I do not want to reach any conclusion for right now.

This is only a very brief and un-comprehensive description of the diverse languages in Hong Kong. But hopefully we could get a sense that Hong Kong,located near the influx of Pearl River Delta, is also the influx of languages, a Pearl of Multilingualism in the East.
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