Recipe
First Step: Understand the Requirement of this Assignment
It is very important to carefully read the guidance of encyclopedia entry and find several related examples. The requirement of this assignment is here.
Second Step: Choose a topic
The rule of choosing topic here is to choose two key words and write an encyclopedia entry related to these key words. I considered choosing ‘waste management’ and ‘China’ or ‘international trade’ and ‘environment’, and I finally choose ‘international trade’ and ‘environment’ because I find myself collected more literature about his topic. There are several tips in choosing a topic:
This step took me several months. I collect literature follow the in a complicate procedure:
Firstly, I try to find most frequent keywords.
After that, I change the key words to ones I identified before such as ‘FDI’ and ‘environment’, or ‘trade and environment’, repeat the searching steps, and try to identify more key words and download more articles which might be related to my research topic and cited more than 30 times.
At the same period, I also search the key words mentioned before and ‘literature review’, and try to download some good literature review.
Fourthly, I read these literatures and write literature notes. I find the literature are too many, so I just get information of the literature’s abstract, instruction, applied methods and conclusion.
Then I find a problem is that, even though the literatures cited a lot are good and important, they are too old, and most of them are before 2000.
Fifthly, I open Scopus again and repeat the steps before to search literatures, this time, I exclude literatures after year of 2000. Because most new literatures are not cited a lot, I choose literatures both by its citation time and by the journal it is published.
Fourth Step: Construction of Paper Structure
Even through always worry about not reading enough literature, I have to build my paper’s structure. The structure should be identified as early as possible, it will help a lot to collect and read right literatures later, and is very import for writing a paper.
My paper’s structure changed several times:
Actually, collecting and reading literatures are throughout this entire process. I just repeat read and write literature review, and more focus on specific topics listed by my paper structure.
Sixth Step, Write the paper
I finish this paper using more than three weeks, which include several times going back to finding new literature and reading them. I will demonstrate the writing processor according to different parts of this paper.
The first part presented the history and debate content of these researches:
The second part demonstrated concepts frequently applied in these researches:
It is very important to carefully read the guidance of encyclopedia entry and find several related examples. The requirement of this assignment is here.
Second Step: Choose a topic
The rule of choosing topic here is to choose two key words and write an encyclopedia entry related to these key words. I considered choosing ‘waste management’ and ‘China’ or ‘international trade’ and ‘environment’, and I finally choose ‘international trade’ and ‘environment’ because I find myself collected more literature about his topic. There are several tips in choosing a topic:
- Choose a topic which is useful for your future research.
- Choose a topic as early as you can, then you will have enough time to collect related literature.
- Ask for help from your teacher.
This step took me several months. I collect literature follow the in a complicate procedure:
Firstly, I try to find most frequent keywords.
- Open Scopus
- Add two search field, ‘international trade’ and ‘environment’, and then I find more than 5000 articles.
- Exclude articles from completely unrelated area, such as engineering, computer science, agricultural and biological science, earth and planetary sciences, energy, medicine and materials science.
- Limited to article.
- Select all CSV export.
- Export information of citation, authors and key words in CSV form.
- Open ScienceScape.
- Click Main authors, keywords and journals.
- Choose the CSV document downloaded before.
- Find out that keywords frequently appear are ‘globalization’,’pollution’,’environment’,’trade’,’trade and environment’,’biodiversity’,’climate change’,’environment Kuznets curve’,’developing countries’ ,‘sustainability’, ‘input-output’ and ‘environmental regulation’.
- Find out big people in this area.
After that, I change the key words to ones I identified before such as ‘FDI’ and ‘environment’, or ‘trade and environment’, repeat the searching steps, and try to identify more key words and download more articles which might be related to my research topic and cited more than 30 times.
At the same period, I also search the key words mentioned before and ‘literature review’, and try to download some good literature review.
Fourthly, I read these literatures and write literature notes. I find the literature are too many, so I just get information of the literature’s abstract, instruction, applied methods and conclusion.
Then I find a problem is that, even though the literatures cited a lot are good and important, they are too old, and most of them are before 2000.
Fifthly, I open Scopus again and repeat the steps before to search literatures, this time, I exclude literatures after year of 2000. Because most new literatures are not cited a lot, I choose literatures both by its citation time and by the journal it is published.
Fourth Step: Construction of Paper Structure
Even through always worry about not reading enough literature, I have to build my paper’s structure. The structure should be identified as early as possible, it will help a lot to collect and read right literatures later, and is very import for writing a paper.
My paper’s structure changed several times:
- At the beginning of this thesis, I plan to focus more about the history of the debate of the impact of international trade put on environment, but I shortened this part because I did not find many articles special on this part, and I do not have enough time to complete it by myself.
- I also plan to summarize statistic methods applied in this area, however, I give up this topic because lack of time and ability to understand these methods.
- I have plan to looking to the future research possibilities of this area, but I find myself do not have enough research experience to do this kind of forecast other than the carbon emission area, and I think a literature review of future directions in research, theory and methodology makes no sense, therefore, I also give up this plan. I change this part to the problems in these researches, which I think might also have the meaning of directing future research topics.
- The first part presented the history and debate content of these researches.
- The second part demonstrated concepts frequently applied in these researches, such as international trade, foreign direct investment, sustainable development and globalization, and influential international agreement restrain international trade from environment protection aspect, like Basel Convention, Rotterdam Convention, Stockholm Convention and Bamako Convention. These concepts are frequent appear key word before, and which I cannot understand its precise meaning at fist.
- The third part illustrated important theories, their explanations, applications and limitations employed in these researches. These theories include pollution haven hypothesis; race to the bottom hypothesis; environmental kuznets curve hypothesis; factor endowment theory and scale, composition and technique evaluation framework. These theories are frequently used, supported or against by literatures.
- The forth part discussed research topics, like international trades of pollution-intensive product, FDI and pollution-intensive industries transfer, international trades of resource-intensive products, international trade of waste, and international trade and carbon emission. I specific list this part is because I find different trade products implies different impacts to environment, and because I have experience conducting research on carbon emission and electronic waste.
- The fifth part investigated inevitable issues in this research, in which problems of data availability and data reliability; unified product-pollutant factor, sample environmental indicators, measuring environmental regulatory stringency and its expense and Omission factors are all discussed. This is my alternative of direction of future research topics.
Actually, collecting and reading literatures are throughout this entire process. I just repeat read and write literature review, and more focus on specific topics listed by my paper structure.
Sixth Step, Write the paper
I finish this paper using more than three weeks, which include several times going back to finding new literature and reading them. I will demonstrate the writing processor according to different parts of this paper.
The first part presented the history and debate content of these researches:
- I find possible demonstration of international trade histories, from literatures and the WTO website.
- Then I search those key words and analysis it by the ‘paper over time’ function of ScienceScape.
- Even though researchers before list two research climaxes, I think the number of climaxes should be three, and the period of these climax are generally estimated coming from the visualization of paper published each year.
- The debate content is written by me, as a summary of my literature notes.
The second part demonstrated concepts frequently applied in these researches:
- For concepts like international trade, foreign direct investment, sustainable development and globalization, I search authority dictionaries as Oxford dictionary and Webster’s dictionary for their meanings, and I also applied meanings from authority literatures. Moreover, I indicated the relationship between these concepts and international trade or environment.
- For international agreement concept like Basel Convention, Rotterdam Convention, Stockholm Convention and Bamako Convention, I search their convention or declaration in their home page, and find their simple description and items related with international trade.
- The data I applied in this part are downloaded from World Bank; and I think data is convincing proof.
The third part illustrated important theories, their explanations, applications and limitations employed in these researches:
- When I write this part, I write summarize of several literatures.
- These theories are very frequently applied theories; lots of papers use these theories in their title or as key words. Even through did not use these theories in this way, literatures, especially quantitative researches, often conclude their research as ‘this research demonstrate that ×× hypothesis is right/unobvious’.
- These theories are frequently applied, supported or against by literatures.
- I write this part by reclassification of logic and conclusions from different literatures, and explain them.
- These theories include pollution haven hypothesis; race to the bottom hypothesis; environmental kuznets curve hypothesis; factor endowment theory and scale, composition and technique evaluation framework.
The forth part discussed research topics:
- When I reading the literatures, I find literatures actually focusing on different traded products, and these products are analyzed by similar but different methods.
- What’s more, when talking different products, the environment behind its trade are also different. Some focused on traditional industrial pollution, some focused on materials hazard for human health and environment, while others focused on climate change.
- These products include international trades of pollution-intensive product, FDI and pollution-intensive industries transfer, international trades of resource-intensive products, international trade of waste, and international trade and carbon emission.
- I write this part by reclassification of subjects of literatures I read before.
The fifth part investigated inevitable issues in these researches:
- Instead of showing directions of future research, I try to indicated the problem widely exist in these researches.
- These problems are summarized by me from literatures I read.
- I know the existence of these problems because my research experience before. Therefore, examples I use most are about carbon emission or electronic waste.
- I do not know whether my summarize are complete, but I know that these problems are especially normal and will influence the credibility of these researches.
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