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Asia-Pacific in the Making of the Americas: Toward a Global History

The China Trade Era

The Portuguese came to Guangzhou to establish trade relations as early as 1513. By the time other Europeans arrived, the Portuguese had a foothold in Macau and official escort duties up the Pearl River. The English and the Dutch established state-sponsored East Indies Companies in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The Anglo-Americans, while well aware of the significance and details of the East Indies trades, only established trade relations in China following independence from Britain—immediately following. The essays in this connection explore different topics related to the U.S. early republic's "Old China Trade" (1784-1842).

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Prime Minister, Lord North, pours tea down the throat of America, a Native American whose legs are held down by Lord Sandwich while he looks up her skirt. America's arms are held down by Chief Justice Mansfield. The Boston Port Bill, an act to close Boston Harbor, fall out of Lord North's pocket. There are also Britain's rivals, Spain and France, while Britannia, holding the shield, covers her eyes in humiliation.
"This is a case of dearly beloved burglary in which the thiefs are breaking open the boxes, and stealing therefrom clothing and valuables to the amount of 300 shekels; while the Mrs. of the house is sleeping very comfortably in her bed dreaming of her man and her servant-girl squatting under it, dream of her chow. The burglars are punished in the hell by being forced to climb up the hill of swords and by wearing hand-cuff. In their re-appearance in this world they are again punished, one by wearing cangue or wooden collar, and the other by decapitation."

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Old China Street, Canton, 1850s